研究:LDL并非总是预测中风风险最好的指标

发布时间:2019-08-13 12:41:15


  项由加州学洛杉矶分校医学中心研究者进行的研究显示,三酸甘油酯最高的体,其发生LAA的机会高出2.7倍,而那些非HDL浓度最高的个体,发生大血管中风风险高出2.5倍;三酸甘油酯与非高密度脂蛋白(HDL)浓度上升,与大血管粥状硬化(LAA)有关,暗示低密度脂蛋白(LDL)可能并非总是动脉硬化血管风险最好的指标
  
  主要研究者Bruce Ovbiagele医师在美国神经学会的声明中表示,LDL已经是降低中风风险的主要标的,但是些结果显示其他类的胆固醇与中风风险的关系强烈。
  
  这项研究结果于12月26日发表于神经学期刊上。
  
  【冲突的证据】
  根据作者表示,有关于循环中血脂肪对于中风风险的影响,证据是冲突的,部分早期的研究结果显示,中风风险与胆固醇浓度上升无关;然而,他们表示,这项研究一般并未区分中风形式或是血脂肪的形式。
  
  近来的研究已经证实血脂肪浓度与缺血性中风之间的关系,但很少有研究检验血脂肪与跟脂肪代谢最相关之不同缺血性中风亚型之间的关系。
  
  他们写道,这对血脂肪浓度在脑血管粥状硬化形成上可能与冠状动脉血管床不同的证据上是很重要的。
  
  作者指出,目的美国国家治疗指引强调处理LDL胆固醇,大部分是根据来自心脏相关研究的证据;然而,他们表示,有越来越的证据显示,其他来自典型血脂肪的不同血脂肪,可能是比LDL在预测血管风险上更好的预测因子。
  
  【大型研究】
  在这项研究中,研究者针对1,049位在2002年9月到2007年4月之间,因为急性中风或是短暂性缺血性发作住进一家大学医院医学中心的病患,分析常规监测血脂肪浓度以及发生LAA中风之间的关系。
  
  所有病患都在入院后的早晨检验空腹血脂肪浓度,检验总胆固醇、三酸甘油酯、HDL与LDL;除此之外,也评估非HDL胆固醇、总胆固醇对HDL比值、三酸甘油酯对HDL比值、以及LDL对HDL比值。
  
  根据他们的临床症候群、磁振扩散权重影像据、以及血管、心脏与实验室数值的结果,病患被分为两群,分别是LAA与非LAA。
  
  整体而言,247位LAA组病患,以及802位病患被归类为非LAA组;非LAA组包括395位心因性栓塞病患、224位小血管疾病(SVD)中风病患、89位其他已确认病因病患、以及94位原因不明中风。
  
  【LDL的价值不应该打折扣】
  研究显示,LAA与SVD病患的血脂肪浓度并无差异;此外,总胆固醇、三酸甘油酯、LDL、非HDL、三酸甘油酯对HDL比值,LAA组病患显然比非LAA与非SVD病患高。
  
  在校正年龄、高血压、糖尿病与是否有吸烟习惯、身体质量指数、以及在症状发生前是否曾使用statins类药物后,研究者发现三酸甘油酯与非HDL与LAA之间有强烈关系;然而,LAA与LDL之间并无关联。
  
  作者指出,其数据显示,其他传统血清脂肪,例如三酸甘油酯浓度以及常规血脂肪检验较少量测的,例如非HDL胆固醇,可能与有症状大血管脊脑部血管动脉硬化(相较于其他缺血性中风亚型)的关系更强。
  
  根据这些研究结果,作者表示,当治疗有粥状动脉血管硬化中风风险或处于风险的病患,临床医师可能需要将更多的注意力放在其他的血脂肪;然而,他们也表示,LDL与病患整体健康的重要性不应该打折扣。
  
  作者表示无相关资金上的往来。

LDL Not Always Best Predictor of Stroke Risk, Study Finds

By Caroline Cassels
Medscape Medical News

Elevated levels of serum triglycerides and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) have been associated with an increased risk of large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke, suggesting that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) may not always be the best predictor of atherosclerotic vascular risk.

A study by investigators at the University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center shows that individuals with the highest triglycerides are 2.7 times more likely to have LAA, while those with the greatest non-HDL levels had a 2.4-fold increased risk of large artery stroke.

"LDL has been the primary target for reducing the risk of stroke, but these results show other types of cholesterol may be more strongly linked with stroke risk," principal investigator Bruce Ovbiagele, MD, said in a statement from the American Academy of Neurology.

The study is published online December 26 in Neurology.

Conflicting Evidence

According to the authors, there is conflicting evidence with respect to the importance of circulating serum lipids in stroke, with some early studies reporting no association between stroke risk and elevated cholesterol. However, they note, this research generally did not distinguish between stroke subtype or lipid subfractions.

More recent studies have demonstrated an association between serum cholesterol levels and ischemic stroke, but few have examined the relationship between serum lipids and subtype of ischemic stroke most directly linked to lipid metabolism.

"This may be important in light of evidence that the effect of plasma lipids on atherogenesis in the cerebral vascular bed may be distinct from that in the coronary vascular bed," they write.

The authors point out that current national US guidelines, which emphasize the management of LDL cholesterol, are largely based on evidence from the cardiac literature.

However, they note, "there is mounting evidence that other serum lipid indices derived from the classic lipid profile may be better predictors of vascular risk than LDL."

Large Study

For the study, the investigators analyzed measures of routinely ordered serum lipid panels and the occurrence of LAA stroke in 1049 patients admitted with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack from September 2002 through April 2007 to a single university center.